It is indispensable for tom yam soup.Ī herb often seen in spicy soups and Northern curries. The leaves are seen often as a garnish with many Thai dishes. The seeds resemble frog's eggs when soaked in water and are used in sweet desserts. It is also indispensable with khanom chin namya. It is also served raw on the side with several Thai dishes such as khao kha mu (stewed pork served on rice) or as one of the ingredients for dishes such as Miang kham. It is used, for instance, in the well-known kraphao mu (minced pork fried with basil).īesides being used cooked or fried, garlic is used raw in many dips and salad dressings. Holy basil has a distinctive scent of clove and reddish tipped leaves. This root has a slightly medicinal flavour and is used in certain fish dishes and curries. This yellow coloured root is often used in dishes of Muslim/Southern Thai origin and in Northern Thailand for Northern style curries.Įither served raw (shredded or diced) with dishes such as miang kham and khanom chin sao nam, in certain chilli dips, or in stir fried dishes of Chinese origin. The perfume-like scent and flavour of the galangal root is characteristic for many Thai curries and spicy soups. It is used in different curries such as red and green curry and often also served separately. Comes in green and yellow varieties.Ī variety of the sweet basil with a taste of anise. Used to season cooking and is used in stir fries such as pad Thai. Leaves used in the preparation of kaeng no mai som ( Thai: แกงหน่อไม้ส้ม), sometimes called kaeng lao ( Thai: แกงลาว).Ĭloser in flavour to garlic than onions. It is also used in the well known dish Kai ho bai toei, deep fried chicken wrapped in pandanus leaves, as well as to stuff the belly of barbecued fish This sweet smelling leaf is used for flavouring different sweet snacks/desserts. This review summarizes the research progress on the chemistry and health-benefits of turnip over the past 20 years to provide a reference for the further investigation.īrassica rapa chemical constituents glucosinolates isothiocyanates pharmacological activities.Herbs and spices Fresh herbs and spices Image In spite of many studies concerning either the chemical constituents or the biological activities of turnip, only a few cases disclosed the active ingredients responsible for diverse bioactivities. Arvelexin, an indole derivative in turnip, was reported with various effects involving antiinflamatory, antihypertensive and hypolipidemic potency.
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Flavonoids and phenolics with high free radical scavenging activity should be corresponding to the antioxidant effects. The anticancer property was found to be the most promising biological activity of turnip with 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, phenylpropionitrile, brassicaphenanthrene A, 6-paradol, and trans-6-shogaol as the major active constituents. Pharmacological investigation on turnip revealed the antitumor, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effects. Besides, flavonoids, phenolics, indoles and volatiles are also concomitant in this plant. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (mainly 2-phenylethyl, 4-pentenyl, and 3-butenyl derivatives) are the main constituents of turnip with diverse bioactivities, especially for the protective effect against cancers.
Besides being an important vegetable and source of oil, turnip is also used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of headaches, chest complaints, rheumatisms, oedemas, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and rabies. Brassica rapa L., commonly known as turnip, is one of the world's oldest cultivated vegetables. Plants have provided humans with medicines since time immemorial, and are still one of the primary sources for drug discovery. Despite the advancement of medical science, diseases are part-and-parcel of human life.
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